India’s freedom struggle is full of brave heroes whose names are well known—Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many others. But there were also several hidden gems—freedom fighters who worked tirelessly in the background and played a major role in shaping India’s path to independence. One such hero was Yusuf Meherally, a passionate socialist, a brilliant organizer, a fearless freedom fighter, and the man who gave India two of its most iconic slogans: “Simon Go Back” and “Quit India.”
Early Life and Education
Yusuf Meherally was born in Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1903. He came from a well-educated Muslim family. From a young age, Yusuf showed interest in books, politics, and public service. He completed his higher education in law and became a lawyer, but his heart was always in serving the people and fighting for justice.
He joined the Indian freedom struggle in his youth and was inspired by both Gandhian principles and socialist ideas. His early exposure to social problems like poverty, inequality, and British exploitation made him a committed activist.
Entry into Politics
Yusuf Meherally’s political journey began when he joined the Indian National Congress (INC). But he was also deeply influenced by socialist ideology, which focused on equality, justice, and the welfare of the working class and poor people.
In 1930, he played an important role in organizing protests against the Simon Commission. The British had sent the Simon Commission to India to suggest constitutional reforms, but not a single Indian was included in the commission. This insult angered many Indians, and they launched massive protests.
It was Yusuf Meherally who coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”, which quickly became the voice of the people. This short and powerful phrase was shouted in protests across the country, showing the unity and anger of Indians.
A Voice for the Poor and Workers
Yusuf Meherally was not just a freedom fighter—he was a true socialist who believed that real freedom meant freedom from hunger, poverty, and injustice.
He worked closely with the working class, especially mill workers in Bombay. He helped form labor unions and led peaceful protests for fair wages, better working conditions, and workers’ rights.
He was a founding member of the Congress Socialist Party, a group within the Indian National Congress that believed in socialism and equal rights. He worked alongside other socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev, and Ram Manohar Lohia.
Role in the Quit India Movement
In 1942, when India was fighting for full independence from British rule, the Indian National Congress launched the Quit India Movement. The idea was simple: British rulers should leave India immediately and give Indians the right to govern themselves.
Guess who coined the slogan “Quit India”?
Yes—it was Yusuf Meherally again.
Although Mahatma Gandhi is known as the leader of the Quit India Movement, it was Yusuf Meherally who came up with the catchy and powerful slogan. This phrase captured the mood of the nation and became the cry of millions demanding freedom.
On 9 August 1942, as soon as the Quit India Movement was announced, Yusuf Meherally and other leaders were arrested by the British and sent to jail. But the movement had already spread like wildfire, and the slogan “Quit India” remained a symbol of national pride and resistance.
Life in Jail
Yusuf Meherally spent many years in jail due to his active participation in protests, movements, and strikes. But even in prison, he did not rest.
He wrote books and pamphlets about socialism, democracy, and India’s future. He believed that India should not only be free from British rule but should also become a just and fair country for all citizens.
His time in jail made him stronger, and he came out with more energy and determination every time.
Mayor of Bombay
After India got independence in 1947, Yusuf Meherally continued to serve the people. He became the Mayor of Bombay in 1942 (before independence) while still being deeply involved in the freedom struggle.
As mayor, he focused on improving the lives of ordinary people. He introduced many welfare programs, improved healthcare and sanitation, and encouraged public participation in governance.
Even as a public official, he remained simple, honest, and connected to the people.
Author and Thinker
Apart from being a leader and activist, Yusuf Meherally was also a writer and thinker. He wrote several important books and essays that discussed political issues, socialism, and the future of India.
Some of his well-known books include:
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Leaders of India
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Underground Movement
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The Price of Liberty
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What is Socialism?
His writings were in clear and simple language, just like his speeches. He believed that knowledge should be accessible to everyone, not just the educated elite.
Death and Legacy
Yusuf Meherally passed away in 1950 at the young age of 47. His death was a big loss for India. But his ideas, slogans, and service still live on.
Even today, the slogans “Simon Go Back” and “Quit India” are remembered as symbols of India’s courage and unity. But sadly, his name is not as well known as other leaders.
He did not seek fame or power. He worked quietly but powerfully behind the scenes, always focusing on the larger goal—a free, just, and equal India.
Why We Must Remember Him
Yusuf Meherally’s story teaches us several important lessons:
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Freedom is not just political—it is also social and economic.
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Powerful slogans can unite people and inspire action.
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True leaders serve people selflessly, even without recognition.
In today’s world, where there is growing inequality and injustice, we need leaders like Yusuf Meherally more than ever. He believed in unity across religion, caste, and class. He believed in truth, service, and equality.
Conclusion
Yusuf Meherally may not be as famous as some other leaders, but he was a pillar of India’s freedom struggle. His courage, creativity, and commitment helped shape the destiny of the nation.
By coining slogans like “Simon Go Back” and “Quit India,” he gave a voice to millions. By working with laborers, women, and youth, he brought socialism to the heart of the freedom movement.
Let us remember Yusuf Meherally—not just as a slogan-maker, but as a visionary leader who dreamed of a better India for all.
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